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A committee report initiated by the Ministry of Finance proposes new regulatory requirements for issuers of electronic payment systems (e-cash), the operating of businesses engaged in e-cash systems and the control of such businesses. The committee report covers a wide range of electronic payment systems from single-use pre-paid cards to all-purpose pre-paid cards as well as so-called electronic wallets with electronic value tokens created by user software.

Increased powers of Financial Supervisor

Until recently foreigners wishing to invest in Cyprus were limited to acquiring minority control in Cypriot companies, and only in exceptional cases and after an intense and time-consuming examination of their application were they allowed to have majority control.

The Income Tax (Amendment) Act 1996 and the Stamp Duties (Amendment) Act 1996 were passed to curb speculation in Singapore's real estate market. The amendments, which became effective on May 15 1996, apply to certain real property and related share transactions. Gains from disposal of any real property and shares in a private company with specified real estate assets occurring within three years from the date of acquisition of such interests are now automatically subject to income tax. The gain that is subject to tax depends on the holding period of the interest after acquisition.

In December 1996, the Main Proposed Revisions to the Draft for the Composite Securities and Futures Bill were released by the Securities and Future Commission (SFC).

Under the Exchange Law Statute, an external credit should comply with the following requirements:

The People's Bank of China (PBOC) promulgated the new Provisional Measures of the Administration of Foreign-Funded Financial Institutions in Shanghai-Pudong Conducting Renminbi Business Pilot Scheme (the Measures) on December 2 1996. About a month later, the PBOC granted licences to Citibank, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Hongkong Bank and Industrial Bank of Japan to conduct Renminbi (Rmb) business.

General Telecommunications bill

For the first time, International Financial Law Review has identified the leading firms in the Yankee bond market. Meanwhile, Linklaters continues to dominate the Eurobond market. Richard Forster and Samantha Wigham report

Slovak bank Vseobecná úverová banka completed the first east European bank's issue of subordinated bonds to private investors.