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In a key policy speech given by the Deputy Prime Minister, who chairs the Financial Sector Review Group, it was made clear that the Singapore government, in its focus on making Singapore a regional financial centre, is rethinking its entire strategy. In particular, the emphasis will now be shifted from regulation to supervision of the financial sector, with greater reliance placed on market forces and market discipline and on full information disclosure rather than extensive regulations to protect investors. Greater transparency will also be provided in regulations, and attention will be focussed on systemic risk rather than undue protection of individual participants, products or projects.

On October 10 1997 the Swiss Parliament passed a new act aimed at combatting money-laundering in the financial sector. This latest legislative step expands on the due diligence requirements of articles 305 bis and ter of the Swiss Penal Code (SPC) and establishes a comprehensive (self-) regulatory framework for Finance Intermediaries. The latter include banks, fund managers, insurance entities and security dealers (article 2 paragraph 2 Intermediaries). It also includes anyone who by profession accepts possession or custody of other persons' assets, or helps to invest or transfer them (article 2 paragraph 3 Intermediaries). The statute exempts: the Swiss National Bank; tax-exempted pension fund entities and person who provide services exclusively to these; and paragraph 3 Intermediaries who provide services exclusively to paragraph 2 Intermediaries.

In a circular letter the Spanish National Securities Market Commission (CNMV) sets guidelines on the information barriers or Chinese Walls established in entities acting or advising on investment in the securities markets. This is to prevent the uncontrolled flow or improper use of confidential information generated in another part of the advising company.

A new code for the Portuguese Securities Market is expected to come into force before the end of 1998. The new code, which is now being prepared and whose main features have already been submitted and approved by the Ministry of Finance, is expected to be more approachable and concise than the one in force at present, which has been broadly criticized for being over-regulatory and for duplicating provisions already included in other laws.

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR) recently adopted new currency regulations affecting capital contributions and long-term loans in hard currency, as summarized below. The new provisions appear intended to clarify and simplify Russian currency legislation, but in some cases they may have the contrary effect of delaying or complicating cross-border investment and financial transactions. In addition, they strengthen the involvement of the CBR in even the most routine transactions, increasing the bureaucratic burdens on foreign investors and lenders.

The Finnish government recently issued a Bill on proposed amendments to the Credit Institutions Act and the Act on Investment Firms. The proposal aims to increase the efficiency of the supervision of credit institutions and to improve the information given by credit institutions and investment firms on their financial status. Furthermore, the proposal aims to harmonize the Credit Institutions Act and the Act on Investment Firms with the Accounting Act, the Auditing Act and the Companies Act.

In May 1997 the Danish Parliament adopted an Act (No. 475/1997) amending the regulation of the activities of executive officers of insurance companies, banks, mortgage institutions etc. Most sections of the Act come into force on January 1 1998.

The Swiss government has decided that no statutory change is necessary; existing legal doctrines should ensure continuity of contracts. By Martin Anderson and Urs Schenker of Baker & McKenzie, Geneva and Zurich

Spain’s preparations for the single European currency have started by establishing commissions to study the possible response. Continuity of contract seems secure. By Luis García Cruz and Hugh McCairley, Bufete Mullerat & Roca, Barcelona

Germany will produce detailed legislation to ensure a smooth transition into the third stage of Emu. It includes specific rules for reference rates and redenomination. By Katrin Kühnle of Hengeler Mueller Weitzel Wirtz, Frankfurt