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One year after its enactment, Decree-Law 70/97 of April 3 (Netting Law) has fulfilled many of its expectations. A formidable increase in derivative documentation efforts clearly shows the renewed interest of derivatives transaction agents dealing with Portuguese residents to make use of the advantages arising from Portugal's entry in the netting jurisdictions' league.

In early March 1998, the German federal government published a draft statute for the implementation of EC directives on deposit guarantee schemes (94/19/EC) and investor compensation schemes (97/9/EC). The statue will create a whole new system of compensation schemes. The existing (private and voluntary) deposit protection scheme of the association of private banks in Germany (Einlagensicherungsfonds), offering an exceptionally high degree of protection (ie each deposit is insured up to an amount equivalent to 30% of the bank's liable capital) will remain in place with the new compensation schemes.

The development of a well organized bond market depends on the controls guaranteeing the stability and correct functioning of the competitive mechanisms, the transparency of the determination of the prices and the protection of the saver-investor, among other things.

The new Act on Venture Capital Investments, Venture Capital Companies and Risk Investment Funds will come into force on June 16 1998.

The minister of economic affairs has proposed the establishment of a guarantee fund for contributors and investors in credit institutions. The proposed act, amending the 1995 act, incorporates the EU directive on investor guarantee funds. It will establish a joint regulation of guarantee schemes for contributors and investors in credit institutions including banks, mortgage credit institutions and stockbrokers. If any institution covered by the act becomes bankrupt, any cash deposits will consequently be covered up to Dkr300,000 (US$42,000) and security deposits will be covered up to Dkr150,000.

On April 2 1998, the House of Representatives passed the new Patent Law 16(1)/98. The main provisions of the new law which are significantly different from the old law are as follows:

The proposed cut of the 1.5% stamp duty payable on credits granted by Finnish credit institutions will effect major changes on credit granting. Under the government bill, stamp duty will no longer be levied on loan agreements and mortgages. The amendment is proposed to be retroactive, enabling creditors to proceed an action ex post facto for the stamp duty paid in connection with the granting of the loan if the loan agreement has been signed on or after April 29 1998.

On March 1 1998, an amendment of the Austrian Investment Fund Act (Investmentfondsgesetz) entered into force. New types of investment funds and provisions dealing with fund management and marketing activities were introduced.

Confidentiality issues can affect not only how you issue project bonds but whether a deal is even possible. Richard Forster reports on the disclosure issues facing sponsors and bankers

While Hong Kong law firms are suffering from the consequences of the regional financial crisis, the less affected Chinese legal market continues its evolution. Barbara Galli reports