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Ignacio Buil Aldana José Luis Lucena Rebollo Under the Spanish Insolvency Act, clawback is a mechanism enabling an insolvent company's trustee (or the creditors, indirectly) to challenge transactions it entered into within two years of an insolvency declaration, if these transactions are prejudicial to the estate. Even if the parties acted in good faith, proof of prejudice to the estate is sufficient to avoid the transaction and restore the company to the position it would have been in had it not carried out the transaction. In practice, clawback risk contributes to an atmosphere of legal uncertainty for creditors involved in transactions with distressed companies. These transactions typically include refinancing agreements, the granting of fresh money, amendments to the security interest, and even assignments of debt positions.

Krung Thai Bank’s Tier 2 offering has become the first internationally-sold Basel III-compliant offering from Thailand. Here's how

Janet Butterworth, Norton Rose Fulbright Eric Muller, De Pardieu Brocas Maffei Kai Liebrich, Herbert Smith Freehills Alexander Dolgov, Hogan Lovells

New rules increasing Canadian targets’ ability to use poison pills are up for comment

Recent rules are intended to pave the way for Mexico’s fast-moving Fibra sector. How will this new direction affect the market?

Randall Barquero On May 20 2014, Law 9246 – the Law on Guarantees on Movable Assets (Law)– was published in the official Costa Rican law gazette La Gaceta. In approving this type of law, Costa Rica joins various other countries in the region which seek to give better financing opportunities to businesses, particularly small and medium companies. The Law is based on the Inter-American Model Law on Guarantees on Movable Assets prepared by the Organization of American States. It will allow the constitution of guarantees over specific items of movable property, or a generic group of these, as well as on inventories, equipment, circulating assets, and account receivables. The Government of Costa Rica, as well as the country´s legal and business sectors, have high hopes that the law will stimulate and increase the access to credit for companies in the productive sector of the Costa Rican economy that otherwise could not provide suitable collateral for normal credit structures.

Kyriacos Kourtelos In 2009, the EC proposed a directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMs). The proposed directive aimed to ensure a high level of investor protection by setting out a common framework for the authorisation and supervision of AIFMs in the EU. Further, it aimed to provide robust and harmonised regulatory standards for all AIFMs within its scope and to enhance the transparency of AIFMs' activities and improve disclosure to stakeholders. In 2010, a political agreement was reached by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers on Directive 2011/61/EU on Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMD), which amended directives 2003/41/EC and 2009/65/EC and regulations EC 1060/2009 and EU 1095/2010. As the AIFMD adopts a phased approach to the implementation, it affects European Economic Area (EEA) and non-EEA fund managers differently. Nonetheless, becoming fully authorised under the AIFMD may allow certain fund managers to undertake management and marketing activities throughout the whole of the EU. Member states were required to transpose the AIFMD into national law by July 22 2013. Cyprus was the second member state to harmonise its legislation with the AIFMD, with the enactment of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Law of 2013 (Law 56(I)/2013 – the Law), which was published in the Official Gazette of the Republic on July 5 2013. The Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) was appointed as the relevant supervisory authority under the law. The AIFMD and the law are complemented by three EC regulations that have direct effect, namely:

Issuers in unregistered securities offerings deserve the benefit of an auditor’s comfort letter. Cadwalader Wickersham & Taft partner David Neuville explains why counsel should start pressing the point

The news that London has finally issued its maiden sukuk has everyone excited that Islamic finance could become a viable option for corporates in the western world. However, alongside the jubilation comes another round of inevitable discussions about competition between finance centres vying to gain the biggest slice of the lucrative shariah market.

Deal counsel explain why the funding of a railway and highway across the Bosphorus gives Turkish project finance cause for optimism