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The Bank of Italy has recently amended Chapter LXI of the Istruzioni di Vigilanza (Supervisory Rules) which govern capital adequacy in relation to market risk and apply to all banks and banking groups with the exception of Italian branches of non-EU banks whose registered offices are in countries belonging to the Group of Ten.

Under the merger control rules of the Austrian Cartel Act (ACA) a pre-closing filing is required if the combined turnover of all participating undertakings amounts to at least Sch3.5 billion (US$290 million), provided that the turnover of at least two undertakings involved in the merger is at least Sch5 million. Because Section 42a para 1 ACA does not qualify the term 'turnover' (Umsatz)in geographic terms, and because the preparatory documents of the Cartel Law Amendment Act confirm the irrelevance of the distinction between domestic and foreign turnover, the Austrian Cartel Court initially applied the threshold to worldwide turnover. From the outset the turnover thresholds for the pre-closing filing requirement under Section 42a para 1 of the ACA have been considered too low. Because the Austrian Cartel Court only applied fairly weak structural link and effects tests to limit the jurisdiction of the court with respect to 'foreign' mergers and business combinations, transactions with a negligible Austrian content were subject to the pre-closing filing requirement and the one-month waiting period provided for under Section 42b ACA.

The last 12 months have seen big changes in the Swedish legal market. Mid-sized firms in particular are taking strategic decisions to merge or make international links. Samantha Wigham reports

Kramer, Levin, Naftalis & Frankel, New York, and Freshfields, London, are representing Tyco International, the world's largest manufacturer of fire and safety systems, in its US$5.6 billion merger with ADT, the largest provider of electric security services in North America. Davis Polk & Wardwell, New York, Appleby, Spurling & Kempe, Bermuda, and Allen & Overy, London, are advising ADT.

Beijing Datang Power Generation Company has listed on both the London and Hong Kong stock exchanges. It is the first Chinese company to have an equity listing in London. The share offer raised about US$400 million and was made possible by the signing last October of a Memorandum of Understanding by regulators and exchanges in the UK and China.

US company SBC Communications has completed its US$16.5 billion acquisition of the Pacific Telesis group. The merger creates the largest US provider of local telephone services, with a market value of US$47.9 billion. The merger was completed after approval from the California Public Utilities Commission.

• UK firm Clifford Chance has appointed 22 partners. Fifteen are in the London office. They are: in finance, David Bickerton, David Eatough, Hilary Evenett, Rachel Kelly, Geeta Khehar, Robert Lee, Gavin Teague and Russell Wells; in property, Andrew Forryan; in corporate, Mark Poulton and David Pudge; in contentious, Rob Lambert and Rae Lindsay; in tax, Michael Wistow, and in tax, pensions and employment, Bruce Hedley. The Hong Kong office has gained three partners: Paul Kruger and Robert Trefney (finance) and Philip Rapp (China). Simon Clinton and Thierry Schoen become corporate partners in Singapore and Paris respectively. Juan Jose Lavilla becomes an administrative law partner in Madrid. Mark Huddlestone has been made finance partner in Amsterdam.

Howard M Liebman of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, Brussels, believes that the Renault affair is evidence that European monetary union is premature

Four US appeal court rulings on Lloyd’s-related litigation have failed to resolve the issues. The conflict challenges part of the US securities law regime. By David Bernstein of Rogers & Wells, New York

In April 1997, the Response of the Securities and Futures Commission to the Public Consultation on the Review of the Leveraged Foreign Exchange Trading Regulatory System (the Response) to the Consultation Paper on the Review of the Leveraged Foreign Exchange Trading Regulatory System (the Consultation Paper) was released by the Securities and Futures Commission (the SFC).