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The entry into force of Law No. 675 of December 31 1996, which included personal data protection rules, raised a number of doubts about the forms the banks must submit to customers to obtain their consent for the use of their personal data.

Chinese company Bengang Steel Plates was floated by an international placing of B shares on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

US chemicals group DuPont is paying £1.8 billion (US$3 billion) for the titanium dioxide and polyester businesses of the UK's ICI. The deal is part of ICI's programme to fund its £4.9 billion acquisition of Unilever's speciality chemicals businesses.

UK firm Linklaters & Paines overtakes US rival Davis Polk & Wardwell to head this year’s ranking of the leading advisers on international equity issues. But other firms are catching up. Richard Forster and Robert Dwyer report

The London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (Liffe) has bought a long leasehold interest in part of the 13-acre Spitalfields site, in London, to build a new trading building.

A consortium led by Tarmac has won a contract to design and construct a general NHS hospital. The contract, which includes the operation of the hospital's non-clinical services for at least 25 years, is worth £143 million (US$232 million). The deal is the first major private finance initiative (PFI) project in the British health sector.

A consortium of firms, including Soros funds, Deutsche Morgan Grenfell, Renaissance Capital, Uneximbank and Morgan Stanley Asset Management successfully bid US$1.875 billion for a 25% stake in Svyazinvest, the Russian telecoms holding company.

On June 25 1997, the US Supreme Court held in United States v O'Hagan, 117 S Ct 2199 (1997), that it is a violation of the US securities laws for corporate outsiders to trade in securities for personal profit using material, non-public information in breach of a fiduciary duty owed to the source of the information. The Court thus ratified the misappropriation theory of liability, which has been used in nearly half the insider trading cases brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in recent years.

At a weekend summit on September 13 and 14, EU finance ministers agreed that bilateral conversion rates for future members of the single currency would be announced next May. The declaration will coincide with the announcement of the founding members of economic and monetary union (Emu), and is intended to reduce the risk of currency speculation before the launch of the Euro.

What do these words mean in the context of a financial agreement? Financial lawyers are very familiar with this phrase because it is included in most loan participation agreements and syndicated loan agreements for the purpose of protecting the lead or agent bank.