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Philip McBride Johnson of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom explains how recent judgments in price manipulation cases are threatening the authority of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission

In the final part of his series on restructuring Latin American corporate debt, Peter Darrow of Mayer Brown Rowe & Maw LLP discusses the alternatives available for banks and bondholders

Asian issuers of securities in the EU face potentially expensive, time-consuming and uncertain disclosure obligations under Europe's new prospectus laws. By Swain Roberts and Denise Cheong of Linklaters Allen & Gledhill

Europe's Prospectus Directive is meant to create a securities market to rival the US. Jim Bartos of Shearman & Sterling LLP compares the two regimes, and finds each still has something to learn from the other

Why do accounting and market structures matter? Capitalism will not work without markets by which investors can efficiently exercise their freedom to exchange assets. It is freedom to exchange assets (particularly financial assets) that gives capitalism its ability to adjust and allocate resources efficiently to create economic growth.

Primary offerings have given way to rights issues in the equity markets, but big clients still needed money last year. And, as Simon Crompton finds out, they turned to US firms to help raise it

On August 1 2003 the Japanese government promulgated certain amendments to the Civil Code of Japan and the Civil Execution Law in connection with the foreclosure of mortgaged properties.

New legislation to authorize the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (Sama) to supervise the licensing and organization of cooperative insurance companies in Saudi Arabia will come into effect on November 20 2003. At present, insurance is an area of the Saudi Arabian economy in which foreign investment is forbidden. It is widely believed, however, that with the passage of the Insurance Law, it will soon become permissible for foreigners to invest in the industry in Saudi Arabia.

Stock Exchange organization Euronext has eliminated the so-called all-or-nothing order as of September 1 2003, whereby investors and traders can ensure that a stock exchange order is either completely executed out or not executed at all. According to the stock exchange, this type of order confuses investors and too little use is made of it. This is particularly important with stocks that are rarely traded. Because of a lack of counterparties, an ordinary stock exchange order often leads to partial execution of the order. This results in high costs. Sometimes partial execution is inadequate for the acquisition of the necessary number of parts. According to Euronext, the all-or-nothing order leads to a lack of clarity among investors. "Confusion exists if the share price conforms to the limit set, but the order is not performed due to the number of parts not corresponding," it said. According to Euronext, too little use is made of the order in The Netherlands. "Less than 1% of the turnover in the order book is a result of all-or-nothing orders," the exchange said. In France and Belgium, the order is used particularly by private investors.

Italian legislation authorizes local authorities to use derivative transactions only to hedge against interest rate, exchange and currency risks connected to their financing transactions.