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Dr Wolfgang Grobecker Dr Eva Nase Although embedded in a European Legal Framework, a European Company (Societas Europaea or SE), which is registered in Germany more or less resembles a German Aktiengesellschaft (AG). The administration and management, the corporate governance and the rights of shareholders of a German SE are primarily governed by its articles of association and by national statutory laws: in Germany by the laws applicable to an AG, in particular the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz), unless the EU regulation or the national implementation laws provide otherwise. In practice, German statutory laws have more of an influence on the governance of an SE than the European legal framework. An SE can be incorporated in Germany in five ways: (i) by way of a merger of two stock corporations; (ii) by incorporating a joint holding or (iii) a joint subsidiary SE; (iv) by a transformation of a German AG into an SE; and (v) by incorporating a subsidiary SE by another SE.

Nicole Ong Gerald Cheong From August 10 2012, companies intending to list on the Mainboard of the Singapore Exchange (SGX) must meet stricter entry requirements. An issuer must have: a minimum consolidated pre-tax profit of at least S$30 million ($24 million) for the latest financial year with an operating track record of at least three years; a market capitalisation of not less than S$150 million based on the issue price and post-invitation issued share capital if it has been profitable in the last financial year with an operating track record of at least three years; or a market capitalisation of not less than $300 million based on the issue price and post-invitation issued share capital with a generated operating revenue in the latest completed financial year. In addition, the minimum issue price will be raised from S$0.20 to S$0.50 per share.

First were samurai and dim sum bonds, now foreign issuers have a local currency instrument in Russia. Here’s how to use Kalashnikov bonds to tap rouble liquidity

Spurred by a specialist global arbitration panel and Isda’s consultation, the financial sector is embracing different dispute resolution clauses

Sharia finance and real estate are a perfect match. And they work together beyond the traditional Islamic finance markets

Project bonds carry huge potential. But sponsor concerns must be eased – or debunked – for the instrument to reach its full potential

Turkey’s new Commercial Code brings the country’s trade and corporate rules into line with EU standards. Here are the key reforms

Take one global rate-fixing probe. Add in an escalating money laundering scandal, an embarrassing swap mis-selling settlement, and three costly US trading glitches. Sprinkle with an investing public already antagonised by today's 'bankster' culture and garnish with outraged politicians at your discretion.

When Cyprus became independent in 1960 it retained the colonial-era Limitation of Actions Law, which prescribed the time limits within which claims must be brought before a court. The Limitations Law was suspended in 1964 following inter-communal disturbances. An attempt to reinstate it was made in 2002 with the enactment of Law 110(I) of 2002, which provided that the Limitations Law would re-enter into force with effect from June 1 2005. However, the entry into force of the 2002 Law was postponed by a succession of laws, each temporarily extending the suspension. The last of these, passed in December 2011, extended the suspension until June 30 2012.

During the past 10 years, Honduras has made great progress in the protection of financial users' rights. One of the most significant advances was the enactment on February 3 2010 of the Rules for Strengthening the Financial Transparency, Culture and Customer Care for Financial Users in Supervised Financial Institutions (Resolution 223/26-01-2010) (the Transparency Rules) which were later amended by the Resolution GE 1631/12-09-2011 and supplemented by Resolution GE 1632/12-09-2011 (the Supplementary Rules) effective as of October 8 2011.