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Brazil recently celebrated the fifth anniversary of Law 12.529/2011 (Brazilian Antitrust Law), which established a pre-merger control system and aligned the Brazilian Antitrust Authority (Cade) with more mature jurisdictions.

The Irish parliament is debating a bill which, if passed, would regulate the owners of Irish loan portfolios. The proposed legislation – the Consumer Protection (Regulation of Credit Servicing Firms) [Amendment] Bill 2018 (the Bill) is understood to have been triggered by reports of intended loan sales by particular retail banks in Ireland. Since 2015, non-regulated owners of loan portfolios comprising loans to consumers and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been required to appoint a regulated credit servicer to manage the portfolio. This was to ensure that consumers and SMEs would continue to enjoy their statutory customer protection even though their creditor was unregulated. Broadly, this ensured consumers and SMEs were in the same position as if facing a regulated retail bank. However, in some political circles this regime has been perceived as providing insufficient protection to borrowers.

It is common for Japanese companies to maintain a continuing relationship with their presidents and chief executive officers (CEOs) even after they retire, and they usually remain in the company by taking on advisory positions, commonly known as komon or sodanyaku in Japan. Such advisory positions are not prescribed in the Companies Act of Japan and their roles vary from company to company.

In line with most legal systems, Macau law also allows the issuance of preference shares as equity instruments, making them attractive both to issuers and investors in situations where the financing needs of the company should not disrupt an existing majority or the structure of the corporate power.

The market is just as competitive as before the crisis but with added awareness of risk

Wide-ranging financial regulation has caused many to take alternative career routes and this could have a counter-productive impact on industry compliance: http://bit.ly/2GAhw8j

Volatility and an uncertain geo-political backdrop could see investors shift to the Islamic finance market

A lack of market players and enforcement coordination is hampering bad debt disposals

Other regulations including Mifid II have closer deadlines so require greater resource distribution

Their role was redefined during the financial crisis, and now they face the challenges of digital currencies and fintechs