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On March 30 2017, Japan's Financial Services Agency (JFSA) published its principles regarding customer-oriented business operations, which relate to financial business operators' fiduciary duties.

The purchase of immovable property in the Republic of Panama requires adhesion to specific formalities and solemnities. Among the most relevant are: (i) the contract must be in writing; (ii) the contract must be formalised by a public deed authorised by a public notary of the Republic of Panama; and, (iii) the public deed must be registered at the Public Registry of Panama (PRP).

There are no prevailing legal requirements as to how many employees must be represented by a trade union for the union to be able to play a role within a Slovak company. Unions only need to satisfy the requirements for the establishment of a civic association (that is, at least three members), after which employers must communicate with the union in the statutory manner. This communication includes consulting with the union each time the employer unilaterally terminates employment, or seeking the union's approval for issuing new work rules.

On March 1 2017, the Swiss rules on the disclosure of substantial shareholdings were amended. As a result, persons and entities exercising a discretionary power to vote shares based on the delegation of voting rights may now disclose either the person effectively exercising discretion or the consolidated position held by the ultimate controller.

On February 2 2017, Executive Order no 13, which aims to strengthen the fight against illegal gambling in the Philippines, was issued.

New EU legislation for structured products will impact non-EU distributors. They need to prepare now

C-suite pay is getting a rise out of shareholders Like much of 2017, Europe in May can be characterised by at times nail-biting general elections. This time it was France's turn in the polling booth and for international investors, a brief sigh of relief as the country opted for centre-left candidate Emmanuel Macron, seeing off a challenge from the far right. And with never a dull moment on the continent, next up will be the UK (yes, again) in early June.

The finances of some of China’s main banks are triggering red flags China has in recent years been battling excessive leveraging and the high levels of non-performing loans (NPLs), with the People's Bank of China having taken firm action to tackle the issues. The central bank has, among other things, diversified the maturity structure of open market operations and imposed tighter prudential rules on off-balance sheet wealth management products (WMPs) – high-yield savings products issued by banks or financial institutions.

Robert Lighthizer was sworn in as the next US trade representative in May, sounding the starting gun for the long awaited renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta). The 1994 agreement created a trilateral trade bloc in North America consisting of Canada, Mexico and the US. It has been hotly disputed since inception: while GE backed Nafta and threw its weight behind Mexico, senator Bernie Sanders has been a fierce adversary for more than two decades.

Urs Feller and Marcel Frey from Prager Dreifuss examine the scope and limits to sovereign immunity in Switzerland and the recognition and enforcement of decisions against a foreign state