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On March 26 2018, the Brazilian Central Bank enacted amendments to the existing regulation on payment methods, proposing more flexible rules on payment arrangements, payment institutions and on interchange fees charged to issuers of debit cards. The Central Bank expects these changes to foster competition among market players and as a result provide reduced debit card costs for end users.

The courts have debated how to determine the fair value of a company’s stock, though a definitive approach is yet to be agreed upon

The regulation of virtual currencies poses a number of practical questions

Russian companies have demonstrated an increased interest in the arbitration market in Asia

Responses from Syed Musheer Ahmed, General manager (Interim), Fintech Association of Hong Kong and Duncan Watt, Consultant, Eversheds Sutherland

Tackling money laundering is a new area of focus for the UK financial regulator. New enforcement tools could help it in that mission

The PRC is progressively introducing a series of measures to ease restrictions on foreign investment

Years of widespread anti-corruption investigations in the Lava Jato (Car Wash) scandal have strengthened the Brazilian enforcement framework for regulatory and criminal matters

GDPR could help businesses clean up data handling practices. But some could be heading in the wrong direction

Green bonds are generally defined as a type of bond instrument whose proceeds are used mainly for investment in projects that offer environmental benefits, such as renewable energy or other efficient types of energy. The number of issuances of green bonds has been increasing worldwide since the establishment of the Green Bond Principles (GBP) in January 2014, by the International Capital Market Association. In March 2017, the Japanese Ministry of Environment (MoE) published the Green Bond Guideline, which was drawn up in accordance with the GBP, aiming to make green bonds more popular and increase the number of issuances and investments within Japan in line with the global development of the green bond market. The Guideline was expected to encourage issuances of green bonds, and accordingly, several corporations and local governments in Japan have issued debt structured as green bonds.