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Guo Shuqing is the head of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC), which was created in 2018 after the merger of local banking and insurance-specific authorities.

The existence of blockchain, or distributed ledger technology (DLT), has prompted fierce debate over its usage, status and capabilities, to the point that some experts feel its namesake undermines the benefits it offers.

As chief fintech officer of the Monetary Authority of Singapore, Sopnendu Mohanty's team has come a long way in the past four years. One of the most iconic experiments has been Project Ubin, which started in November 2016 as an industry collaboration, to explore the use of distributed ledger technology for clearing and settlement. In addition to the existing regulatory sandbox regime, MAS is also exploring a so-called sandbox express – a fast-track regime – to complement its existing offering. The fintech ecosystem in Singapore has more than 500 fintech startups and over 30 innovation labs, which have been instrumental in driving collaboration between financial institutions and fintech startups.

The European Securities and Markets Authority (Esma) is responsible for pushing some of the most far-reaching regulatory reforms in the history of finance. Their reforms have two basic aims: investor protection and risk management. These deceptively simple objectives have created complicated regulatory frameworks – and it truly is a team effort.

What could be more influential than the 2008-9 financial crisis, the financial crisis of the century? The catastrophic event led to the collapse of Lehman Brothers and left practically the entire world wondering what went wrong.

Recent years – 2019 in particular – have seen a sea change in the debate on tackling global warming. All of a sudden it seems the environment is on the agenda in places it hadn't been previously – including the financial sector. It now seems incredibly plausible that climate change will be a dictator of policy over the coming decade.

The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC) has the unenviable task of making sure that the transition from US dollar Libor to the more robust Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) – its recommended alternative – goes smoothly, with plenty of time left before Libor's expiration at the end of 2021.

In addition to being the chief executive of the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) in Hong Kong, Alder is the chairman of the board of the International Organisation of Securities Commission and of the Financial Stability Board's plenary and steering committee.

US President Donald Trump has frequently advertised his dislike of regulation. Financial regulation has proven no exception. In fact, one of his first acts as president was to sign the now-infamous Executive Order 13771, which requires most executive branch agencies to eliminate two regulations for every one added while capping costs; a sweeping policy that has proven costly to fans of stability and security.

The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) – the UK's all-encompassing financial services regulator – is at any point the subject of either praise or derision, depending on the commentator. But there is rarely any middle ground. It has earnt itself the reputation as one of the European Economic Area's most fine-happy enforcers, with a particular penchant for punishing firms over failures to comply with the new wave of reporting requirements.