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Dual-class stock structures are on the rise as Silicon Valley’s brightest and best reach IPO stage. Critics argue the practice undermines public markets. IFLR readers respond

Trustees are increasingly recognising that they have a fiduciary responsibility to derive the best result from their asset managers on behalf of the client, writes Scorpeo CEO Matt Ruoss

In India there were several regional firm developments. Phoenix Legal closed its Chennai office after the branch head left to launch Calibre Legal. In Bangalore, firms Mundkur Law Offices and Bharucha & Partners merged, keeping the latter's name.

Environmental, social and governance is a huge buzzword in the investment community. In-house lawyers have an important role to play

As a recent decision by the Swiss Federal Tribunal has shown, written stipulations are not always what they seem

Tatsuo Yamashima and Saori Hanada, Atsumi & Sakai

Margaret Huang and Victor Chang, LCS & Partners

Capital gains realised through a disposal of shares held for private investment purposes by Swiss resident individuals are generally exempt from Swiss income taxes. In certain circumstances, such capital gains are assimilated to dividends, salary or compensation payments for the renouncing of a right, in which case they become subject to income tax.

Increased pay supplements have been introduced for night work, weekends, and holidays. The increase was split into two phases, with the first increase implemented as of May 1 2018 and the second increase slated to come into force on May 1 2019. The existing 30% supplement for night work for non-hazardous occupations will increase to 40%, and the existing 35% pay supplement for hazardous occupations will go up to 50%. The supplement for work on Saturdays will go up from 25% to 50%, and up from 50% to 100% for work on Sundays. Calculation of all the supplements is based on the existing minimum hourly wage, which on January 1 2019 was raised from €2.759 ($3.10) to €2.989. The supplement for work on holidays will increase from the existing rate of 50% of the employee's average hourly wage to 100% of the employee's average hourly wage.

The Philippines has enacted Republic Act No 11232, or 'An Act Providing for the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines' (RA No 11232). It repealed the country's almost-four-decade-old Corporation Code (Batas Pambansa Bilang 68). According to proponents of RA No 11232, it is intended to improve the ease of doing business in the Philippines.