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Every project facility must obtain an environmental licence from the Ministry of the Environment. The licence must be obtained before the project is started. An environmental licence is an authorization from the environmental authority to carry out work or a project which may cause damage to renewable natural resources such as water, air, fauna, flora, or landscape. The licence specifies the requirements and conditions that must be met, and the consequences of non-compliance.

• Robert Kimmitt, who in some of his previous incarnations has been managing director of Lehman Brothers, US ambassador to Germany, under-secretary of state for political affairs and general counsel of the US Treasury Department, joined Wilmer Cutler & Pickering as a partner on May 1. He will practise in the firm's corporate and international groups, in the Washington DC office. The firm has also added Leon Greenfield, Charles Mendels and Brian Menkes as counsel.

Under new guidelines issued by the Central Bank of Cyprus, the requirements for the acquisition of shares and/or share options and/or rights issues of banking institutions listed on the Cyprus Stock Exchange are as follows:

Dutch firm Houthoff has joined law firm association the Conference of European Lawyers. The firm is thereby linked with Liedekerke Wolters Waelbroeck & Kirkpatrick in Brussels, France's Siméon & Associés and German firm Wessing Berenberg-Gossler Zimmermann Lange. According to Houthoff's chairman, Jan-Mark Dingemans,there were a number of motives for the move. "The main one was the long-standing wish to have our own office in Brussels. We had one there 15 years ago, but we closed it down," he says. Houthoff left the Denton International group of firms last December. Dingemans says: "The Denton Hall concept did not work. There was no quarrel; we left on friendly terms."

• US firm Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam & Roberts has made Christine Pallares partner. Pallares, who specializes in corporate and capital markets, is based in New York.

The benefits of the US Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act may not be available to ‘second tier’ state companies. By Lee C Buchheit of Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton, New York

A few recent securitization transactions have shown the benefits of this financing method. Recent reforms make it more attractive. By Sandrine Hirsch and Koen Byttebier of Stibbe Simont Monahan Duhot, Brussels

Swiss banking secrecy is based on the bank's duty of confidentiality towards the customer, the customer's privacy rights, and the Federal Banking Code, which makes any breach of banking secrecy a criminal offence. These legal bases are as undisputed as the fact that banking secrecy is by no means absolute.

The stamp duty on loans from Finnish banks and their branches abroad, now charged at 1.5%, would, under a plan initiated by the second minister of finance, be abolished. It has been claimed that stamp duties on loans, which in Europe are charged only in Finland and Denmark, discriminate against Finnish banks when compared with foreign banks active in Finland (other than Finnish branches of foreign banks, loans from which are also subject to 1.5% stamp duty).

The government of Dubai recently issued Regulation No. 2 of 1997, setting forth guidelines to be used by branches of foreign banks in calculating income tax due to the government of Dubai from taxable income arising from the conduct of business in the Emirate of Dubai.