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The problems in the Indonesian economy have drawn attention to the question of how to enforce bills of exchange and commercial paper. This article provides a guide. By PDD Dermawan of Dermawan & Co, Jakarta

Clifford Chance has scored a major coup by poaching US lawyer Bruce Bean from the Moscow office of Coudert Brothers where he was managing partner. A New York and California qualified corporate lawyer, Bean joins Clifford Chance as a partner in the firm's Moscow office, which is staffed by 57 lawyers, including five partners. With experience of advising multinationals on inward investment, advising investment banks on securities issues by Russian corporates and international oil and gas companies on their activities in the country, he will be in charge of developing the office's corporate and US multinational practices.

Without recourse to international arbitration under the BOT Decision, foreign investors have stopped financing Turkish infrastructure projects. International treaties may offer a solution. By H Elizabeth Kroeger and Timothy Kautz of Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue, Frankfurt

The example of a recent case involving PERLS shows the dangers for financial institutions of new investment products. Particular care should be taken to manage the legal and regulatory risks. By Jonathan Kelly of Simmons & Simmons, London

The draft Directive on settlement finality, incorporating amendments proposed by the European parliament, was approved by the Council of Ministers at the end of April 1998. It provides for legislation to deal with the position of cross-border payments when a bank or securities firm cannot meet its obligations. It aims to cut the systemic risk in payment and securities settlement systems and to minimize the disruption to a system caused by insolvency proceedings against a participant in the system.

Decree 3119 of 1997 regulated, for taxation purposes, the amounts allowed as deductions from net income when associated with articles imported massively as contraband.

On April 15 1998, the Chilean Central Bank amended certain exchange rules on the issue of Eurobonds and American depositary receipts (ADRs) to cut restrictions and increase flexibility.

The Companies (Amendment) (Segregated Portfolio Companies) Law 1998 was recently passed and incorporated as a schedule to the Companies Law. The new legislation will affect only those companies which undertake captive insurance business in the Cayman Islands and hold an Unrestricted Class B Insurers Licence issued under the Insurance Law.

On May 14, the National/New Zealand First coalition government delivered its second budget. A NZ$2.8 billion (US$1.5 billion) government surplus was announced (well above the NZ$1.5 billion 1997-1998 forecast). However, the surplus for 1998-1999 is forecast to fall to NZ$1.3 billion. Other features of the budget were:

The Telecoms Authority of Singapore Act 1992 has been amended to give the Telecoms Authority additional powers to carry out its functions in a liberalized multi-operator environment, bring the Act up to date on changes in technology and new offences, and provide adequate penalties and enforcement measures to regulate telecom and postal licensees.