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US law firm White & Case has been hired by the Republic of Panama to represent it during the privatization of the state-owned integrated electric utility. The Instituto de Recursos Hidraulicos y de Electrificacion (IRHE) is to be divided into eight companies in a two-phase process. On September 10, the first phase was completed with the sale of 51% stakes in the three distribution companies. Spanish company Union Fenosa acquired 51% of EDE Metro-Oeste SA, which serves Panama City, for US$212 million. As part of this deal, Union Fenosa also received 51% of EDE Chiriqui SA, which serves an area close to the Costa Rica border. US utility firm Constellation Power, a subsidiary of Baltimore Gas & Electric Co, bid approximately US$90 million for a 51% stake in EDE Noreste SA. The deals are expected to complete within 60 days.

Leading securitization specialist Robert Palache is to leave UK firm Clifford Chance to join investment bank Nomura International. Palache, the managing partner of Clifford Chance's finance practice, will give up legal practice completely in his new role as a Director and Joint Head of Securitization of Nomura's Principal Finance Group.

French/UK firm Salans Hertzfeld & Heilbronn will merge with New York's Christy & Viener on January 1 1999. Given that previous mergers have effectively been takeovers of small boutiques by much larger firms, it is the first transatlantic merger of equals. The combined firm will have 85 partners and 193 other qualified lawyers. The Paris office has a total of 103 lawyers, with 84 in New York and 31 lawyers in London. "The firm is a different paradigm to the largest firms," says Robert Starr, a partner in the London office of Salans Hertzfeld. "This merger is unique not only in being transatlantic but also in the character of the firm. We are not now a Paris-based firm nor a London-based firm, and we will not be a New York-based firm."

The recent US$200 million international placement of 10-year subordinated notes by Komercni Banka, the Czech Republic's largest commercial bank, was in many respects a watershed. The transaction constituted the first international offering by a bank in central and eastern Europe of subordinated debt that qualifies for inclusion in the bank's regulatory capital base. At a time when Komercni Banka, like most other Czech banks, was required to increase its provisions for classified loans, the issue of the notes enabled the bank to shore up its balance sheet and maintain an acceptable risk capital ratio without issuing new equity. From a legal perspective, the transaction presented a number of novel issues requiring innovative solutions. One of the most vexing challenges was structuring a subordination clause that satisfied both the international marketplace and Czech regulators, because neither existing banking regulations nor the Czech Bankruptcy Act recognized a concept of subordination consistent with international practice and standards. This article examines how the lawyers on the transaction managed to fit a square peg into a round hole to accomplish this feat.

Paris electronics company Framatome Connectors is buying its US competitor Berg Electronics, St Louis, for $1.85 billion. The deal will make Framatome the second–largest manufacturer of electronic connectors. Framatome will pay cash for Berg's shares and will also assume $400 million of debt. Framatome is being advised by New York law firm Davis Polk & Wardwell. The partners assisting on the transaction are John McCarthy Jr (corporate), Winthrop Conrad Jr (corporate), Paul Kingsley (corporate) and Patrick Bradford (antitrust).

Two of Norway's big four law firms have scooped this year's largest restructuring of the country's banking sector. There is nothing unusual in that, except that there are not two, but three merging entities – Christiania Bank, the country's second largest lender, rival Fokus Bank and state-controlled Postbanken. The merger will create Norway's biggest financial services group, valued at NKr28 billion (US$3.6 billion). Wikborg Rein & Co is advising Christiania Bank with M&A partner Arne Didrik Kjornaes leading the team. Bugge Arentz-Hansen & Rasmussen (BAHR) accepted the delicate task of representing both Fokus and Postbanken.

Dutch employment services company, Randstadt, is acquiring Strategix from its Florida competitor Accustaff. The deal, valued at $850 million, will increase the temporary staffing business of Ranstadt's operations in the US. Ranstadt is being advised from New York by Davis Polk & Wardwell. The team of lawyers is headed by partners David Ferguson (tax), Michael Mollerus (tax) and Gail Flesher (environmental).

Spanish law firm Cuatrecasas has acquired Alicante law firm Dura and plans further mergers with firms in Glaizia, Majorca and Portugal. It is expanding its activities in an attempt to become the prominent law firm in the Iberian peninsula. Dura is a small firm specializing in commercial law and tax law and has special links with the European trade mark office in Alicante. Enric Picañol, head of international operations at Cuatrecasas in Barcelona, says: "We have clients in the major cities and now we want to go to the smaller places. We want to provide our clients with local advice but give them a full range of services."Cuatrecasas already has offices in Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia.

German firm Gleiss Lutz Hootz Hirsch & Partner and Benelux firm Stibbe Simont Monahan Duhot are considering merging. Partners at the two firms will take a vote in December and, if approved, the German firm will continue business as Stibbe Gleiss Simont Duhot on January 1 1999. The move follows the merger last year of Stibbe and French firm Giroux Buhagiar & Associés in Paris. Frans Corpeleyn, managing partner of Stibbe, says: "We will have French, Belgian, Dutch and German lawyers and these are the major jurisdictions in Europe. We want to be one truly integrated European law firm."

Partners from Canadian law firms Fraser & Beatty and Milner Fenerty have voted in favour of a merger. As of October 1, the firms will continue business as Fraser Milner. The new firm, which will have offices in Alberta, Ontario and British Colombia, plans to offer a wider range of specialities. Both firms offer advice on all areas of business law but Milner Fenerty, which has offices in Alberta, has specific expertise in forestry, mining and oil and gas. Jeff Barnes, partner on the board at Fraser & Beatty in Toronto, says: "Milner Fenerty is very specialized and we could not grow this ourselves. The merger will give us presence in these major product markets."