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Last year’s legal reforms promised great things for the German market. Thomas Williams reports from Frankfurt where lawyers are now desperate for a long-expected recovery

Linklaters and Clifford Chance act on first UK hospital refinancing

Uría & Menéndez and former Andersen Legal firm J&A Garrigues are advising on Spain's first initial public offering (IPO) in more than a year, the ¤1.8 billion ($1.76 billion) flotation of Enagas. The deal is the first Spanish IPO since airline Iberia was floated in March 2001. Garrigues is advising Enagas and its parent company Gas Natural, while Uría is advising joint coordinators Goldman Sachs and Banco Santander Central Hispano (BSCH).

The US SEC has proposed rules to improve accountability of auditors of public companies through a Public Accountability Board. The Board would be outside the control of accounting professionals and is expected to supplement the watchdog's oversight and enforcement aims by employing 50 full-time staff. The Commission stated that the measures would "expand the opportunities to detect and remedy ethical lapses or deficiencies in competence".

In January 2002 the Mexican Federal Congress passed legislation making substantial changes to the country's tax structure and introducing new rules for foreign or non-Mexican residents. This new legislation removes the many different withholding rates applicable to non-residents that in the past had led to tax avoidance, by reconsidering the nature of the income in question. The new legislation introduces a sole 25% withholding rate for most types of taxable income on a gross basis and reduces to 35% the tax imposed on non-residents that elect to be taxed on a net income basis. For 2003, 2004 and 2005, this rate will be reduced to 34%, 33% and 32% respectively. Although significant amendments were introduced by this new legislation, this article will only cover two of the most widely applied rules, the sale or disposition of shares and interest.

Recent SEC actions show it is not just the energy industry that is coming under the Commission’s fire for manipulating earnings reports. Neil Golden of Chadbourne & Parke, Washington DC, explains why technical compliance with GAAP may no longer be enough

Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer worked opposite Clifford Chance on the £950 million ($1.4 billion) initial public offering of bookmaker William Hill which is likely to be one of the biggest UK offerings of the year. Freshfields won the mandate to act for William Hill after advising the issuer's previous owners, Nomura, on its attempt to float the company in 1999.

Sidley Austin Brown & Wood and Allen & Overy have acted on a groundbreaking mortgage securitization for HBOS, which uses a master trust structure that is likely to generate repeat business for both law firms. The £3.5 billion ($5.3 billion) deal – Europe's largest mortgage securitization – is not the first to use a master trust structure to sell a UK deal into the US, but it is the first by HBOS and the choice of legal advisers sets a template for future deals.

After initially buying 9.9% of Storebrand last year to block a rival bid, Den Norske Bank (DnB) has now agreed a full merger with the company, which values the Norwegian insurer at about $1.8 billion. In spring 2001, DnB took advantage of Norway's controversial laws on the ownership of financial institutions to block a takeover bid for Storebrand by Sampo of Finland. DnB used Norway's Financial Institutions Act, which states that no party can hold more than 10% of a Norwegian financial institution unless it bids for more than 90%, to force Sampo to drop its approach.

Norton Rose has advised Deutsche Bank for the third time in recent months on structuring a securitization deal from Portugal – this time helping develop the country's mortgage market. Banco Nacional de Crédito Imobiliário (BNC) has become the second originator of a residential mortgage-backed securities transaction in Portugal, proving that the Magellan securitization for Banco Comercial Portugues in December was not just a one-off.