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New guidance has given clarity to lawyers providing English opinion letters

The UK, US and Australia are now aggressively targeting bribery and corruption. Here’s why it matters, and how to mitigate the business risks

The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) recently issued Circular Nos 742 and 743 (Series of 2011) amending certain provisions of the Manual of Regulations on Foreign Exchange Transactions (the manual). Under the manual, loans and equity investments must be registered with the BSP if the foreign exchange needed to service repatriation of capital, remittance of dividends, profits and earnings accruing from such investments or payment of interest and principal on foreign loans is to be sourced from the Philippine banking system.

Companies operating in Mexico face significant corruption risks. Recognising them can help minimise any damage

Babette Vos Dutch partnerships, in particular limited partnerships (commanditaire vennootschappen), have traditionally been a preferred option for investors for a variety of reasons, including the possibility to limit their liability and thereby their own exposure and the possibility to achieve tax transparency. The Dutch law legislation applicable to a limited partnership, as well as to a partnership (maatschap) and a general partnership (vennootschap onder firma) originates from 1838 and is highly in need of modernisation.

Gus J Papamichalopoulos On November 30 2011, the Regulatory Authority for Energy (RAE) announced the measures that were decided to be taken for the support and finance of the renewable energy sources in Greece. Specifically, RAE's measures intend to reinforce the budget of the electricity market operator (EMO), including an increase in the special renewable energy sources duty and application of the duty to ERT SA, the state radio and television company.

The structure and detail of US and English law intercreditor agreements can vary greatly. It is vital to understand the differences

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi), India's capital market regulator, has recently barred seven listed companies and their promoters from accessing the capital market. This was done on grounds of misappropriation of initial public offering (IPO) monies, inadequate disclosures and other irregularities. All the companies made IPOs in 2011, and on listing their shares prices became volatile.

Carlos Fradique-Méndez Daniel Rodríguez-Bravo The US-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement (CTPA) was signed on November 22 2006, by Deputy US Trade Representative John Veroneau and Colombian Minister of Trade, Industry, and Tourism Jorge Humberto Botero. Colombia's Congress approved the CTPA and a protocol of amendment in 2007.

IFLR asked European corporate lawyers whether it was time to include a eurozone Mac clause in M&A documentation