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A new refinancing model for European companies has been established by ONO's multi-stage refinancing programme.

The template will work, but not as a panacea European Market Infrastructure Regulation (Emir) has regulators preoccupied with improving central counterparties (CCPs) systemic risk management. Iosco's recent consultation and LCH Clearnet's newly-launched clearing service could provide a CCP resolution template.

Bite-sized deals are needed to kickstart Vietnamese PPPs While public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been popular throughout Southeast Asia, they haven't taken off in Vietnam – despite the country's desperate need for infrastructure. Vietnam's preferred structure for project financings to-date has been the build-operate-transfer (BOT) model, which has been encouraged by local ministries such as the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT). Though the BOT framework has existed for over 10 years, few projects have reached the financing stage. Mong Duong II closed in 2011, representing the first BOT to close in Vietnam since 2004.

US antitrust law poses a higher threat to overseas companies following a recent appellate court decision that overturned precedent. More extraterritorial class action civil suits and higher fines are expected.

Africa's biggest project financing has closed after six years and has showcased a never-seen-before capital structure. The Mostorod refinery delivered an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract robust enough to avoid the need for completion guarantees.

Project bonds carry huge potential. But sponsor concerns must be eased – or debunked – for the instrument to reach its full potential

Turkey’s new Commercial Code brings the country’s trade and corporate rules into line with EU standards. Here are the key reforms

Multinational enterprises may conduct internal compliance investigations for various reasons, such as as part of efforts in regulating sales practices or for compliance with anti-bribery requirements. In addition to interviewing employees, the enterprise will usually review information about employees saved in the enterprise's computers, its servers or other documentation and therefore may gain access to the personal information of employees or third parties. Especially for comprehensive internal investigations launched based on legal requirements (for example, the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act), an enterprise will gain access to substantial information relating to employees and third parties and will need to pay attention to the use of personal data.

Antonio Felix de Araujo Cintra The Brazilian credit securitisation industry has developed at an amazing rate in recent years. Since the enactment of Instruction CVM No. 356, which set out the rules for the organisation and operation of securitisation funds in Brazil (the so-called FIDCs), credit securitisation transformed itself from being an exotic financial product into one of the first alternatives sought by companies looking for possible general capital funding. At a time when interest rates were still very high in Brazil, the creation of FIDCs enabled companies to sell their trade receivables to raise working capital at more accessible rates. The same mechanism was quickly adopted by smaller banks, which sold their car and consumer loan portfolios to FIDCs to be able to continue to make new loans without breaching their capital requirement rules established by the Central Bank. In addition, FIDCs were also created to provide financing for small and medium-sized suppliers of large corporations and to purchase non-performing loans, precatórios (payment obligations of the Brazilian public sector) and other types of credits, creating a very useful secondary market for all kinds of credits.

Take one global rate-fixing probe. Add in an escalating money laundering scandal, an embarrassing swap mis-selling settlement, and three costly US trading glitches. Sprinkle with an investing public already antagonised by today's 'bankster' culture and garnish with outraged politicians at your discretion.