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By Renata Dluska and Tomasz Michalik, MDDP

Thomas O’Dwyer of Maples and Calder explains how recent Irish court decisions should be a stark reminder to third-party litigation funders not to bite off more than they can chew

All the chapters from IFLR's Nigeria annual review 2012 are available to view in e-book format

EDL-Gen’s $200 million rights issuance was a first for the nascent Laos Securities Exchange. But deal counsel had to first overcome complexities relating to the company’s shares in four IPPs

Kuala Lumpur’s Association of Islamic Scholars is set to introduce shariah board accreditation processes this year, in a bid to address concerns over the integrity of shariah scholars. Here’s why scholars believe the move is set to fail

Tougher regulation of money market mutual funds was removed from the SEC's agenda last week after chairman Schapiro was unable to solicit majority support for the proposed reform. But another regulator could reshape the multitrillion-dollar market

Deal counsel analyse the French deal that revived the use of mortgage bonds and created a new refinancing market just in time to help tackle Europe’s looming debt maturity wall

The Securities and Exchange Board of India this month announced a raft of primary market reforms in a bid to facilitate retail investment and capital raising. But lawyers are unconvinced the changes will be effective

Dr Wolfgang Grobecker Dr Eva Nase Although embedded in a European Legal Framework, a European Company (Societas Europaea or SE), which is registered in Germany more or less resembles a German Aktiengesellschaft (AG). The administration and management, the corporate governance and the rights of shareholders of a German SE are primarily governed by its articles of association and by national statutory laws: in Germany by the laws applicable to an AG, in particular the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz), unless the EU regulation or the national implementation laws provide otherwise. In practice, German statutory laws have more of an influence on the governance of an SE than the European legal framework. An SE can be incorporated in Germany in five ways: (i) by way of a merger of two stock corporations; (ii) by incorporating a joint holding or (iii) a joint subsidiary SE; (iv) by a transformation of a German AG into an SE; and (v) by incorporating a subsidiary SE by another SE.

Nicole Ong Gerald Cheong From August 10 2012, companies intending to list on the Mainboard of the Singapore Exchange (SGX) must meet stricter entry requirements. An issuer must have: a minimum consolidated pre-tax profit of at least S$30 million ($24 million) for the latest financial year with an operating track record of at least three years; a market capitalisation of not less than S$150 million based on the issue price and post-invitation issued share capital if it has been profitable in the last financial year with an operating track record of at least three years; or a market capitalisation of not less than $300 million based on the issue price and post-invitation issued share capital with a generated operating revenue in the latest completed financial year. In addition, the minimum issue price will be raised from S$0.20 to S$0.50 per share.