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From November 1 1996, the Ghana Stock Exchange adopted new rules establishing the Securities Clearing and Settlement House (SCSH), which serves as a centralized clearing and settlement facility for stock exchange trades. The SCSH is run on a day-to-day basis by the managing director of the stock exchange. Policy for the SCSH is set by the Stock Exchange Council.

US buy-out specialist Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR) agreed to pay US$1.05 billion for about 90% of the shares of US electrical equipment company Amphenol.

In the first survey to consider the Medium-Term Note (MTN) market for law firms, IFLRev has identified the leading firms in establishing new programmes and in making drawdowns. The same three names keep coming up. By Richard Forster and Samantha Wigham

The regulations which recently came into force in China have created problems in the area of foreign-sourced financing but their effects have been offset by other measures. By Brian Hansen and Guanxi Zheng of Stikeman, Elliott, Hong Kong

Piero Luongo, legal counsel of Istituto Mobiliare Italiano, talks to Samantha Wigham

The House of Lords has delivered an important decision on the measure of damages for fraudulent misrepresentation. In Smith New Court Securities v Citibank, Smith New Court (SNC) was induced by a Citibank employee's fraudulent misrepresentation to buy shares in Ferranti from Citibank. It was subsequently discovered that a separate fraud involving fictitious contracts had been perpetrated on Ferranti designed to bolster its apparent profitability. On discovery of the second fraud, Ferranti's share price crashed and SNC eventually sold the shares at a heavy loss.

The Danish rules on insider trading are contained in the Securities Trading Act (STA) of December 20 1995 which entered into force on May 1 1996 and are basically the same as the rules contained in the earlier Securities Market Act, which implemented Directive 89/592 of November 13 1989 coordinating regulations on insider dealing. The Directive is a Minimum Directive and the provisions of the STA are more stringent than those laid down by the Directive.

The May 1996 edition of International Financial Law Review (see page 50) reported that the New Zealand government planned to abolish the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The government has recently announced that it has scrapped this plan.

The landmark Provisional Regulations on the Administration of Qualifications of Domestic and Foreign Securities Institutions Dealing in Foreign Investment Shares became effective on December 1 1996. The regulations aim to standardize the qualifications of domestic and foreign securities institutions, such as brokerages and underwriters, that deal in foreign investment shares listed on the Chinese market and domestic securities institutions that deal in foreign investment shares listed outside China.

The Arbitration and Mediation Centre of the Chamber of Commerce of Santiago has proved to be an efficient alternative for the resolution of business disputes in Chile. Around 25 disputes were submitted to the Centre in 1995 and 1996 and the majority were resolved by agreement of the parties with the participation of the arbitrators. Typically, the first phase of arbitration consists of a conciliation effort on the part of the arbitrator exploring alternatives to a negotiated settlement.